Abbreviation | Definition, Types & Purpose

Abbreviations

Abbreviations are shortened forms of words used in place of full words. Abbreviations are often used in contexts where you need to fit a lot of words into a small space. They are also useful to use in place of long phrases to make sentences shorter and easier to read.

ECONOMICS

MANAGEMENT

ECONOMICS

1. History of Economic thought
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AET	Ancient Economic Theories
2	CET	Classical Economic Theories
3	DCM	Dynamic Capital Model
4	DFE	Development of Fiscal Economics
5	EBT	Evolution of Banking Theories
6	ECT	Early Commerce Theories
7	EMT	Evolution of Monetary Theories
8	FES	Foundational Economic Schools
9	GTT	Growth and Trade Theories
10	HET	Historical Economic Trends
11	IEM	Industrial Economics Model
12	IPT	Institutional Policy Theories
13	JCT	Joint Contribution Theory
14	KTE	Keynesian Theory of Economics
15	LCE	Labor and Capital Economics
16	MCT	Mercantilism Commerce Theory
17	MET	Modern Economic Thought
18	NAT	Neoclassical Approach Theory
19	NCE	New Classical Economics
20	OET	Orthodox Economic Theories
21	PDT	Political Development Theory
22	PET	Physiocratic Economic Theory
23	PLT	Profit and Loss Theory
24	PSM	Public Sector Management
25	QMT	Quantity Money Theory
26	REM	Resource Economics Model
27	RLT	Rational Learning Theory
28	RMT	Resource Management Theory
29	SFT	Socialism Fiscal Theory
30	SPE	Supply and Production Economics
31	TDE	Trade and Development Economics
32	TES	Technological Economic System
33	TMT	Taxation and Monetary Theory
34	UET	Utilitarian Economic Theory
35	VST	Value and Scarcity Theory
36	WEM	Wealth and Exchange Model
37	WPT	Welfare Policy Theory
38	XET	Experimental Economic Theory
39	YGT	Yield Growth Theory
40	ZET	Zero-sum Economic Theory
41	BCT	Behavioral Commerce Theory
42	CGT	Comparative Growth Theory
43	DCT	Demand Cycle Theory
44	FPT	Fiscal Policy Theory
45	GST	General Supply Theory
46	IFT	Investment Flow Theory
47	KWT	Knowledge Wealth Theory
48	PCE	Production Cost Economics
49	QAT	Quantitative Analysis Theory
50	RAT	Rational Allocation Theory

2. Microeconomics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AIM	Average Income Model
2	APC	Average Production Cost
3	APS	Average Profit System
4	BCA	Budget Constraint Analysis
5	CMR	Consumer Market Research
6	CPT	Consumer Preference Theory
7	CRU	Cost-Resource Utilization
8	DCT	Demand Curve Theory
9	DME	Decision-Making Economics
10	EAT	Elasticity Analysis Theory
11	EBM	Economic Behavior Model
12	ECR	Equilibrium Cost Ratio
13	EIM	Equilibrium Income Model
14	EMC	Efficient Market Curve
15	EMP	Economic Marginal Productivity
16	FCA	Fixed Cost Analysis
17	FDP	Factor Demand Pricing
18	GMP	Goods Market Pricing
19	ICM	Income and Consumption Model
20	IER	Income Elasticity Ratio
21	IMC	Incremental Marginal Cost
22	IPM	Individual Price Model
23	ISB	Income Substitution Behavior
24	LAC	Long-run Average Cost
25	LBC	Labor-Based Costing
26	LMC	Long-run Marginal Cost
27	LTI	Long-Term Investment
28	MCC	Marginal Cost Curve
29	MDC	Market Demand Curve
30	MFC	Marginal Fixed Cost
31	MPC	Marginal Propensity to Consume
32	MPS	Marginal Propensity to Save
33	MRP	Marginal Revenue Product
34	MSA	Market Structure Analysis
35	NDP	Net Domestic Product
36	NIA	National Income Accounting
37	OCA	Opportunity Cost Analysis
38	PCM	Profit Contribution Model
39	PDT	Price Determination Theory
40	PFT	Production Function Theory
41	PMP	Profit Maximization Principle
42	QPC	Quantity Price Control
43	RBC	Resource-Based Costing
44	RCP	Revenue and Cost Projection
45	SBC	Short-run Budget Curve
46	SCT	Supply Chain Theory
47	SRM	Short-run Market Model
48	TPC	Total Production Cost
49	TRC	Total Revenue Curve
50	VSA	Value System Analysis

3. Macroeconomics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AD	Aggregate Demand
2	AS	Aggregate Supply
3	BOP	Balance of Payments
4	CPI	Consumer Price Index
5	CRR	Cash Reserve Ratio
6	DR	Discount Rate
7	DSGE	Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium
8	EPI	Economic Performance Index
9	FCA	Fiscal Control Adjustment
10	FPI	Foreign Portfolio Investment
11	GDE	Gross Domestic Expenditure
12	GDP	Gross Domestic Product
13	GNP	Gross National Product
14	GVA	Gross Value Added
15	IDM	Inflation Demand Model
16	IER	Interest Elasticity Ratio
17	IPC	Inflation Price Control
18	ISLM	Investment-Saving & Liquidity-Money Model
19	LCM	Liquidity Control Mechanism
20	LRAS	Long-Run Aggregate Supply
21	MPC	Marginal Propensity to Consume
22	MPS	Marginal Propensity to Save
23	NDP	Net Domestic Product
24	NEER	Nominal Effective Exchange Rate
25	NFC	National Financial Control
26	OCA	Optimal Currency Area
27	OER	Official Exchange Rate
28	PCE	Personal Consumption Expenditure
29	PPI	Producer Price Index
30	QTM	Quantity Theory of Money
31	RBI	Reserve Bank of India
32	RER	Real Exchange Rate
33	RPI	Retail Price Index
34	SNA	System of National Accounts
35	SRAS	Short-Run Aggregate Supply
36	TBI	Trade Balance Index
37	UEM	Unemployment Equilibrium Model
38	VECM	Vector Error Correction Model
39	WPI	Wholesale Price Index
40	XPI	Export Price Index
41	YEC	Yield Economic Curve
42	ZBB	Zero-Based Budgeting
43	TRM	Trade Restriction Mechanism
44	IPR	Investment Price Ratio
45	NIM	Net Interest Margin
46	IEF	International Economic Fund
47	FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
48	MTM	Monetary Transmission Mechanism
49	FRB	Fiscal Responsibility Budgeting
50	ERT	Economic Recovery Trend

4. Public Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ADP	Annual Development Plan
2	AET	Aggregate Expenditure Theory
3	BCT	Budget Control Theory
4	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
5	CPR	Common Property Resource
6	DBT	Direct Benefit Transfer
7	DSE	Development Sector Economics
8	EAF	Environmental Adjustment Fund
9	EFD	Economic Fiscal Discipline
10	EMT	Expenditure Management Theory
11	FAT	Fiscal Adjustment Theory
12	FCT	Fiscal Control Theory
13	FIP	Fiscal Incentive Policy
14	FRA	Fiscal Responsibility Act
15	GDPF	Government Development Policy Framework
16	GFT	Government Funding Theory
17	GST	Goods and Services Tax
18	HET	Healthcare Expenditure Theory
19	ICT	Indirect Cost Theory
20	IEM	Inclusive Economic Model
21	IMP	Income Management Policy
22	ISF	Income Subsidy Framework
23	LBT	Local Body Tax
24	LDT	Local Development Tax
25	MEP	Market Efficiency Policy
26	NIP	National Income Policy
27	NPE	National Public Expenditure
28	NRT	Net Revenue Theory
29	OPT	Optimal Policy Theory
30	PEP	Public Expenditure Policy
31	PFR	Public Finance Report
32	PIT	Progressive Income Tax
33	PPT	Proportional Property Tax
34	RBP	Resource Budget Plan
35	RCF	Revenue Control Framework
36	RMT	Revenue Management Theory
37	RPT	Revenue Projection Theory
38	SDG	Sustainable Development Goals
39	SIP	Social Impact Policy
40	SPE	Social Policy Economics
41	SRF	Social Resource Framework
42	STP	Subsidy Transfer Policy
43	TDP	Taxation and Development Policy
44	TET	Tax Evasion Theory
45	TPE	Transfer Payment Economics
46	UPP	Universal Pension Policy
47	VAT	Value Added Tax
48	WET	Welfare Expenditure Theory
49	YTP	Youth Training Policy
50	ZRP	Zero Revenue Policy

5. Monetary Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AML	Anti-Money Laundering
2	BRR	Bank Rate Regulation
3	CBM	Central Banking Mechanism
4	CFM	Capital Flow Management
5	CMT	Credit Management Theory
6	CRM	Credit Risk Management
7	CRR	Cash Reserve Ratio
8	DMT	Demand Management Theory
9	DRT	Debt Recovery Tribunal
10	ECM	Exchange Control Mechanism
11	EMI	Equated Monthly Installment
12	EPR	Exchange Rate Policy
13	FEM	Foreign Exchange Market
14	FPR	Financial Policy Regulation
15	FRS	Financial Regulatory System
16	FXM	Foreign Exchange Mechanism
17	HPR	Hedge Price Ratio
18	IMF	International Monetary Fund
19	IOM	Interest Optimization Model
20	IPM	Inflation Protection Mechanism
21	LDM	Liquidity Distribution Model
22	LDR	Loan-to-Deposit Ratio
23	LMR	Liquidity Management Ratio
24	MFC	Monetary Fund Control
25	MIR	Marginal Interest Rate
26	MMT	Modern Monetary Theory
27	MPC	Monetary Policy Committee
28	MPR	Monetary Policy Report
29	MSF	Marginal Standing Facility
30	NPA	Non-Performing Asset
31	OIS	Overnight Index Swap
32	OMO	Open Market Operations
33	PBR	Prime Borrowing Rate
34	PPI	Producer Price Index
35	PSL	Priority Sector Lending
36	QTR	Quantitative Tightening Regime
37	RAP	Risk Assessment Policy
38	RRA	Reserve Requirement Adjustment
39	RTM	Real-Time Money Flow
40	SBF	Small Business Funding
41	SIR	Stable Interest Rate
42	SMP	Strategic Monetary Policy
43	TFR	Treasury Fund Regulation
44	TPI	Target Price Index
45	VAR	Value at Risk
46	VMT	Volatility Management Theory
47	WRA	Wealth Redistribution Act
48	XIM	Exchange Intervention Mechanism
49	YTM	Yield to Maturity
50	ZTR	Zero Tolerance Rate

6. Development Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ADP	Area Development Plan
2	BDC	Basic Development Concept
3	BPP	Balanced Growth Policy
4	CDP	Community Development Program
5	CEP	Circular Economy Policy
6	DDP	District Development Plan
7	DEP	Development Expenditure Policy
8	DGM	Development Growth Model
9	EDP	Economic Development Plan
10	FEP	Fiscal Expansion Policy
11	FRM	Financial Resource Management
12	GDPG	Gross Domestic Product Growth
13	GPP	Growth Promotion Policy
14	GWP	Global Welfare Policy
15	IDF	Infrastructure Development Fund
16	IEP	Inclusive Economic Policy
17	IRM	Income Redistribution Model
18	JDP	Joint Development Program
19	LDP	Local Development Policy
20	MDP	Millennium Development Plan
21	MGT	Market Growth Theory
22	NDP	National Development Plan
23	NGA	National Growth Agenda
24	NGP	New Growth Policy
25	OEP	Open Economy Policy
26	PDP	Poverty Development Program
27	PGM	Progressive Growth Model
28	QDA	Quality Development Analysis
29	RDP	Rural Development Plan
30	RIM	Resource Investment Model
31	SDM	Sustainable Development Model
32	SEF	Social Equity Framework
33	SMP	Social Market Policy
34	SRA	Structural Reform Agenda
35	SRP	Social Reform Policy
36	TDP	Technology Development Policy
37	TGM	Trade Growth Model
38	UGM	Urban Growth Model
39	URP	Urban Renewal Policy
40	VGM	Value Growth Model
41	WDP	Workforce Development Plan
42	WIP	Wealth Improvement Policy
43	XDP	Export Development Plan
44	YEP	Youth Employment Policy
45	ZGP	Zero Growth Policy
46	APM	Asset Protection Model
47	BEF	Basic Employment Framework
48	CPM	Capital Productivity Model
49	FDM	Fiscal Development Model
50	TEM	Trade Expansion Model

7. International Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	APT	Asia-Pacific Trade
2	ATC	Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
3	BRT	Bilateral Trade Agreement
4	CMA	Currency Management Agreement
5	CMP	Common Market Policy
6	COI	Comparative Advantage Index
7	DTT	Double Taxation Treaty
8	EAP	Export Advancement Policy
9	ECT	Export Control Theory
10	FCA	Foreign Currency Account
11	FEM	Foreign Exchange Market
12	FTA	Free Trade Agreement
13	GEP	Global Export Policy
14	GSP	Generalized System of Preferences
15	IAP	International Aid Policy
16	IEM	International Economic Model
17	IPR	Intellectual Property Rights
18	LNG	Liberalized New Growth
19	MNC	Multinational Corporation
20	MRA	Mutual Recognition Agreement
21	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
22	NTE	Non-Tariff Export
23	OEP	Overseas Expansion Policy
24	PTA	Preferential Trade Agreement
25	RCA	Revealed Comparative Advantage
26	RCEP	Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
27	RTF	Regional Trade Framework
28	SAD	Standardization of Agreement Documents
29	SAP	Structural Adjustment Policy
30	SMP	Subsidized Market Policy
31	SPP	Special Pricing Policy
32	TFA	Trade Facilitation Agreement
33	TTP	Trans-Pacific Partnership
34	UCT	Uniform Customs Theory
35	UNCTAD	United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
36	VEP	Voluntary Export Policy
37	WTO	World Trade Organization
38	XIT	Export Incentive Tax
39	XMP	Export Market Policy
40	YIP	Yearly Investment Plan
41	ZEP	Zero Export Policy
42	API	Agricultural Policy Initiative
43	BAP	Business Advancement Policy
44	FEM	Foreign Exchange Management
45	IPT	Import Price Theory
46	NXP	Net Export Policy
47	OIT	Overseas Investment Theory
48	RFT	Resource Flow Theory
49	TIF	Trade Integration Framework
50	WEP	World Economic Policy

8. Indian Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AAY	Antyodaya Anna Yojana
2	APMC	Agricultural Produce Market Committee
3	BCS	Below Poverty Line Census
4	CEI	Consumer Expenditure Index
5	CPIAL	Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers
6	DBT	Direct Benefit Transfer
7	DDP	District Development Plan
8	DIC	District Industries Centre
9	DME	Domestic Market Expansion
10	EAS	Employment Assurance Scheme
11	EPF	Employees’ Provident Fund
12	FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
13	FIPB	Foreign Investment Promotion Board
14	FMC	Forward Markets Commission
15	GCF	Gross Capital Formation
16	GFCF	Gross Fixed Capital Formation
17	ICOR	Incremental Capital Output Ratio
18	IIP	Index of Industrial Production
19	KCC	Kisan Credit Card
20	LPG	Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization
21	MCA	Ministry of Corporate Affairs
22	MGNREGA	Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
23	MSME	Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
24	NABARD	National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
25	NCAER	National Council of Applied Economic Research
26	NHAI	National Highways Authority of India
27	NITI	National Institution for Transforming India
28	NRHM	National Rural Health Mission
29	NSAP	National Social Assistance Programme
30	NSO	National Statistical Office
31	PDS	Public Distribution System
32	PLI	Production-Linked Incentive
33	PMAY	Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
34	PMFBY	Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
35	PMGSY	Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
36	PMKVY	Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
37	RKVY	Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
38	RTE	Right to Education
39	SEBI	Securities and Exchange Board of India
40	SIDBI	Small Industries Development Bank of India
41	SPMCIL	Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd.
42	SSA	Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
43	SWAN	State Wide Area Network
44	TSP	Tribal Sub Plan
45	UDAY	Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana
46	UIDAI	Unique Identification Authority of India
47	UTI	Unit Trust of India
48	WPI	Wholesale Price Index
49	YASHASVINI	Karnataka’s Health Insurance Scheme for Farmers
50	ZBNF	Zero Budget Natural Farming

9. Agricultural Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AEP	Agricultural Export Policy
2	AGP	Agricultural Growth Policy
3	AIDC	Agricultural Infrastructure Development Corporation
4	AMIS	Agricultural Market Information System
5	APEDA	Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority
6	AWP	Agriculture Welfare Program
7	BCI	Better Cotton Initiative
8	CADP	Comprehensive Agriculture Development Plan
9	CFP	Crop Financing Policy
10	DAP	Direct Agricultural Payment
11	DDM	Dairy Development Model
12	DGP	Dairy Growth Plan
13	EPF	Enhanced Productivity Framework
14	EPM	Efficient Plantation Management
15	FCP	Farm Credit Policy
16	FDP	Farmer Development Program
17	FFS	Farmer Field School
18	FGP	Fertilizer Growth Policy
19	FOA	Farmers’ Organization Assistance
20	FSP	Food Security Policy
21	GCP	Green Crop Policy
22	GMP	Genetically Modified Products
23	IADP	Intensive Agriculture Development Program
24	IADP	Integrated Agriculture Development Project
25	IDP	Irrigation Development Plan
26	IFC	Integrated Farming Concept
27	ILP	Intensive Livestock Production
28	IMP	Input Management Policy
29	KRP	Kisan Reform Policy
30	LAP	Land Allocation Policy
31	LGP	Livestock Growth Policy
32	MCP	Modern Cultivation Practices
33	NFP	National Fertilizer Policy
34	NFP	Nutrient Feeding Program
35	NSP	National Seed Policy
36	OAP	Organic Agriculture Policy
37	PAM	Precision Agriculture Model
38	PCP	Pesticide Control Policy
39	PMKSY	Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
40	RAP	Rural Agriculture Plan
41	RFM	Resource Farm Management
42	RMP	Rural Market Policy
43	SCP	Soil Conservation Program
44	SFP	Sustainable Farming Practices
45	SHC	Soil Health Card
46	SIP	Small Irrigation Project
47	TAM	Traditional Agriculture Model
48	TGP	Technological Growth Policy
49	WFP	Water Framework Policy
50	ZAP	Zero Agriculture Pollution

10. Industrial Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABI	Advanced Business Innovation
2	ACM	Automated Control Mechanism
3	AIM	Advanced Industry Model
4	ASM	Advanced Supply Management
5	BIC	Business Investment Cycle
6	BSP	Business Structure Policy
7	CIM	Corporate Investment Model
8	CIP	Competitive Industry Policy
9	DCP	Demand Control Policy
10	DGM	Dynamic Growth Model
11	EFP	Efficient Factory Policy
12	EMP	Energy Management Policy
13	FIM	Factory Inspection Model
14	FRM	Factory Resource Management
15	GCM	Growth Control Mechanism
16	HMP	Heavy Machinery Policy
17	ICM	Industrial Cluster Model
18	IDM	Industrial Development Model
19	IMP	Industry Modernization Policy
20	IPM	Industrial Productivity Model
21	IWP	Industrial Welfare Program
22	LMP	Labour Management Policy
23	MEP	Manufacturing Efficiency Plan
24	MIP	Market Integration Policy
25	MTP	Machinery Trade Policy
26	NIM	National Industry Model
27	NIP	National Investment Policy
28	OCP	Output Control Policy
29	PIP	Plant Improvement Policy
30	QIM	Quality Improvement Model
31	RDP	Resource Development Plan
32	RIM	Resource Integration Model
33	SIP	Smart Industry Policy
34	SMP	Sustainable Manufacturing Policy
35	TAP	Technology Advancement Policy
36	TIP	Trade Integration Policy
37	UIM	Unified Industry Model
38	VGP	Value Growth Policy
39	WIM	Workforce Integration Model
40	XIP	Export Industry Policy
41	YMP	Youth Manufacturing Policy
42	ZDP	Zero Defect Policy
43	PDM	Production Design Model
44	QCP	Quality Control Policy
45	RCM	Risk Control Mechanism
46	TCP	Technology Control Policy
47	VIM	Value Integration Model
48	WGP	Workforce Growth Policy
49	XCM	Export Control Model
50	YCP	Youth Career Policy

11. . Labour Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AEL	Aggregate Employment Level
2	ALR	Average Labor Ratio
3	BCL	Basic Compensation Level
4	CET	Collective Employment Theory
5	CLR	Contract Labor Regulation
6	CMP	Compensation Management Policy
7	DEW	Daily Employment Wage
8	DWR	Daily Wage Rate
9	EAP	Employment Assistance Program
10	EIR	Employee Investment Ratio
11	ELM	Employment Level Management
12	EPC	Employee Productivity Chart
13	EPR	Employee Protection Rights
14	ESI	Employee State Insurance
15	ETP	Employee Training Program
16	FCL	Flexible Contract Labour
17	GDPW	Gross Domestic Product per Worker
18	HRP	Human Resource Planning
19	ILM	Internal Labour Market
20	ILP	Inclusive Labour Policy
21	JTP	Job Training Program
22	LAP	Labour Advancement Policy
23	LCE	Labour Cost Efficiency
24	LDP	Labour Development Policy
25	LER	Labour Efficiency Ratio
26	LFP	Labour Force Participation
27	LIS	Labour Information System
28	LMP	Labour Management Policy
29	LPC	Labour Productivity Chart
30	LPI	Labour Performance Index
31	LRA	Labour Rights Act
32	LRI	Labour Rights Index
33	LTP	Labour Training Program
34	MEP	Minimum Employment Policy
35	MER	Minimum Employment Ratio
36	MGP	Migrant Growth Policy
37	NCR	Non-Conventional Recruitment
38	NDP	New Development Plan
39	OEL	Optimal Employment Level
40	PCC	Productivity Cost Control
41	PEP	Progressive Employment Policy
42	PLP	Public Labour Policy
43	QCP	Quality Control Policy
44	RJP	Regional Job Plan
45	RLS	Regional Labour Statistics
46	SCP	Skill Certification Program
47	SLC	Skilled Labour Chart
48	TLP	Temporary Labour Policy
49	UEP	Unemployment Elimination Plan
50	WCP	Workforce Compensation Policy

12. Behavioral Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AHE	Adaptive Human Economics
2	AME	Anchoring Mechanism Effect
3	BCT	Behavioral Control Theory
4	BHE	Behavioral Heuristics Effect
5	CBM	Cognitive Bias Model
6	CCT	Choice Control Theory
7	CDE	Cognitive Decision Economics
8	CEB	Cognitive Error Bias
9	CFR	Cognitive Framing Response
10	CMP	Cognitive Management Policy
11	CRF	Controlled Risk Framework
12	DCT	Decision Control Theory
13	DBP	Default Bias Policy
14	EBP	Economic Bias Policy
15	ECS	Emotional Consumption Strategy
16	EMF	Emotional Management Framework
17	EPB	Expectation Bias Policy
18	EPP	Emotional Pricing Policy
19	FCT	Framing Control Theory
20	FHE	Framing Heuristics Effect
21	GRT	Group Risk Theory
22	HAP	Heuristics Analysis Policy
23	HBE	Habitual Buying Effect
24	IBT	Incentive Bias Theory
25	IBP	Irrational Buying Policy
26	IEP	Impulse Expenditure Policy
27	ILT	Information Leakage Theory
28	MCT	Memory Control Theory
29	MEF	Mental Economics Framework
30	MER	Market Emotion Ratio
31	MTP	Mental Trade Policy
32	NBE	Neuro-Behavioral Economics
33	OCE	Overconfidence Effect
34	PBI	Perceived Benefit Index
35	PCT	Perception Control Theory
36	PEF	Psychological Economics Framework
37	PFP	Pricing Framing Policy
38	PHE	Prospect Heuristics Effect
39	QBT	Quota Bias Theory
40	RBT	Risk Bias Theory
41	RFE	Reward Framing Effect
42	RMT	Reference Management Theory
43	RTP	Rational Thinking Policy
44	SAT	Satisficing Theory
45	SCP	Social Consumption Policy
46	SET	Social Exchange Theory
47	SPT	Scarcity Pricing Theory
48	SRT	Social Risk Theory
49	TCT	Temporal Control Theory
50	WBP	Willpower Bias Policy

13. Demographic Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AER	Age Employment Ratio
2	AGE	Age Growth Effect
3	BPP	Birth Projection Policy
4	CDI	Child Dependency Index
5	CDP	Community Development Plan
6	CFR	Child Fertility Ratio
7	CMT	Community Management Theory
8	CPC	Child Population Chart
9	DCP	Demographic Change Policy
10	DEP	Demographic Expansion Policy
11	DGM	Demographic Growth Model
12	DRM	Demographic Risk Model
13	DRR	Dependency Risk Ratio
14	DTP	Demographic Transition Policy
15	EEP	Elderly Employment Plan
16	EMR	Employment Migration Ratio
17	EMP	Elderly Management Policy
18	FRR	Fertility Rate Ratio
19	GCP	Gender Control Policy
20	GEP	Gender Employment Policy
21	GDP	Growth Demographics Plan
22	GIR	Gender Inclusion Ratio
23	HMP	Household Management Policy
24	HWP	Household Wealth Policy
25	ICR	Immigration Control Ratio
26	IMR	Infant Mortality Ratio
27	LMP	Life Management Policy
28	LPI	Life Projection Index
29	MRR	Migration Risk Ratio
30	NDP	National Demographics Plan
31	NFP	Net Fertility Projection
32	NMR	Net Migration Ratio
33	OEP	Occupation Expansion Policy
34	OIM	Optimal Immigration Model
35	PDP	Population Development Plan
36	PIP	Population Integration Policy
37	POP	Population Optimization Plan
38	RDP	Regional Demographics Plan
39	RMR	Rural Migration Ratio
40	SMP	Social Migration Policy
41	SNR	Senior Citizen Ratio
42	SRP	Social Risk Policy
43	TMR	Total Migration Ratio
44	TMP	Total Mortality Projection
45	TRP	Total Reproduction Policy
46	UEP	Urban Expansion Policy
47	UIP	Urban Integration Policy
48	VMP	Vital Management Policy
49	WIR	Workforce Inclusion Ratio
50	YRP	Youth Retention Policy

14. Environmental Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ACR	Air Conservation Regulation
2	BEP	Biodiversity Enhancement Program
3	CAP	Climate Adaptation Policy
4	CCP	Carbon Control Policy
5	CDS	Clean Development Strategy
6	CEP	Clean Energy Policy
7	CET	Climate Emission Target
8	CFE	Carbon Footprint Evaluation
9	CFR	Conservation Funding Regulation
10	CMP	Climate Mitigation Plan
11	DCP	Deforestation Control Policy
12	DEP	Disaster Emergency Policy
13	EEI	Environmental Efficiency Index
14	EEP	Environmental Education Program
15	EFP	Ecological Funding Policy
16	EIA	Environmental Impact Assessment
17	EMP	Emission Management Plan
18	EPP	Environmental Protection Policy
19	ERP	Eco-Restoration Policy
20	FRP	Forest Rehabilitation Program
21	GCP	Green Certification Program
22	GEP	Green Energy Policy
23	GGP	Green Growth Plan
24	GMP	Green Management Policy
25	GRP	Groundwater Recovery Plan
26	HCP	Hazardous Control Plan
27	IAP	Industrial Air Policy
28	IEP	Industrial Emission Policy
29	LCP	Land Conservation Policy
30	MEP	Marine Ecology Policy
31	NCP	Natural Conservation Policy
32	NFP	National Forest Policy
33	OCP	Ocean Cleanup Plan
34	PMP	Pollution Management Plan
35	RCP	River Conservation Policy
36	REP	Renewable Energy Policy
37	RIP	Resource Integration Plan
38	SAP	Sustainability Awareness Program
39	SEP	Sustainable Energy Policy
40	SGP	Smart Green Policy
41	SMP	Soil Management Plan
42	TAP	Tree Afforestation Policy
43	TGP	Technology Green Plan
44	UEP	Urban Ecology Policy
45	UVP	Urban Vegetation Policy
46	VCP	Vegetation Conservation Policy
47	WCP	Waste Control Policy
48	WMP	Water Management Plan
49	XEP	Xenobiotic Elimination Plan
50	ZEP	Zero Emission Policy

15. Mathematical Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABM	Applied Budget Model
2	ACP	Algebraic Cost Policy
3	AMM	Applied Market Model
4	BEM	Budget Equation Model
5	BEP	Break-even Policy
6	BMM	Budget Management Model
7	CEM	Consumer Equation Model
8	CFM	Cost Flow Model
9	CMP	Comparative Market Policy
10	CPP	Cost Projection Plan
11	CRP	Cost Reduction Policy
12	DEP	Demand Estimation Policy
13	DGM	Dynamic Growth Model
14	DMP	Demand Management Plan
15	EMP	Economic Model Plan
16	FEP	Forecast Estimation Policy
17	FFM	Future Finance Model
18	GEM	Graphical Economics Model
19	GMP	Growth Measurement Policy
20	IEP	Income Estimation Policy
21	IFM	Investment Forecast Model
22	IMP	Inflation Management Plan
23	IRM	Interest Rate Model
24	LCP	Linear Cost Policy
25	LMP	Logarithmic Market Plan
26	MCP	Market Curve Policy
27	MEP	Marginal Efficiency Plan
28	MFM	Market Forecast Model
29	MIM	Market Integration Model
30	MMP	Market Measurement Policy
31	NMP	Net Margin Policy
32	OCP	Output Control Policy
33	PDM	Pricing Decision Model
34	PEP	Pricing Estimation Policy
35	PIM	Profit Integration Model
36	QCP	Quantity Control Policy
37	QDM	Quantity Decision Model
38	RDM	Revenue Distribution Model
39	REP	Resource Efficiency Policy
40	RIP	Revenue Integration Plan
41	RMP	Risk Management Policy
42	SAP	Statistical Analysis Plan
43	SCP	Statistical Control Policy
44	SMP	Supply Measurement Plan
45	TAP	Trade Analysis Policy
46	TCP	Transaction Cost Policy
47	TMP	Trade Measurement Plan
48	VMP	Value Measurement Policy
49	WCP	Weighted Cost Policy
50	XIM	Experimental Investment Model

16. Statistics and Econometrics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AEM	Applied Econometric Model
2	AMR	Average Market Rate
3	BDM	Bayesian Decision Model
4	BEP	Bayesian Estimation Policy
5	BIM	Business Integration Model
6	CAP	Correlation Analysis Policy
7	CDM	Causal Data Model
8	CFM	Consumer Forecast Model
9	CIM	Causal Impact Model
10	CMP	Conditional Mean Policy
11	CRM	Correlation Regression Model
12	DCP	Data Control Policy
13	DEP	Data Evaluation Plan
14	DMP	Data Measurement Plan
15	DRM	Data Regression Model
16	DTP	Data Transformation Policy
17	EAP	Economic Analysis Policy
18	ECM	Error Correction Model
19	EIP	Expenditure Integration Policy
20	EPM	Estimation Process Model
21	FCP	Forecast Control Policy
22	FRP	Forecast Regression Policy
23	GCP	Growth Curve Policy
24	GEP	Graph Evaluation Policy
25	HRM	Hypothesis Regression Model
26	ICM	Index Control Model
27	IEP	Income Evaluation Policy
28	IMP	Investment Measurement Plan
29	IRM	Income Regression Model
30	LCP	Linear Control Policy
31	LIP	Linear Integration Policy
32	MEP	Measurement Evaluation Plan
33	MFP	Multivariate Forecast Policy
34	MGM	Marginal Growth Model
35	MIM	Market Impact Model
36	MIP	Market Integration Policy
37	NMP	Nonlinear Market Policy
38	OCP	Outcome Control Policy
39	PDM	Predictive Data Model
40	PEP	Price Estimation Policy
41	PIM	Probability Integration Model
42	QCP	Quality Control Policy
43	QDM	Quantitative Decision Model
44	RAP	Regression Analysis Policy
45	RDM	Revenue Distribution Model
46	REP	Regression Estimation Policy
47	RMP	Risk Management Plan
48	SCP	Statistical Control Plan
49	SMP	Statistical Measurement Plan
50	XDM	Experimental Data Model

MANAGEMENT

1. Management thought and principles
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	BOM	Bill of Materials
2	BPO	Business Process Organization
3	B2B	Business to Business
4	B2C	Business to Consumer
5	COO	Chief Operating Officer
6	CFO	Chief Financial Officer
7	CEO	Chief Executive Officer
8	CPC	Cost Per Click
9	CPM	Cost Per Mille (Thousand Impressions)
10	CPL	Cost Per Lead
11	CRM	Customer Relationship Management/Manager
12	CSR	Corporate Social Responsibility
13	CTA	Call to Action
14	CTO	Chief Technology Officer
15	DMAIC	Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
16	EDI	Electronic Data Interchange
17	EBIT	Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
18	EBITDA	Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization
19	EPS	Earnings Per Share
20	ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
21	FIFO	First In, First Out
22	HRM	Human Resource Management
23	IRR	Internal Rate of Return
24	JIT	Just In Time
25	KPI	Key Performance Indicator
26	LIFO	Last In, First Out
27	MIS	Management Information System
28	MBO	Management by Objectives
29	MRP	Material Requirements Planning
30	NPV	Net Present Value
31	OKR	Objectives and Key Results
32	PDCA	Plan, Do, Check, Act
33	PESTEL	Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal
34	PPC	Production Planning and Control
35	POS	Point of Sale
36	R&D	Research and Development
37	RFID	Radio Frequency Identification
38	ROI	Return on Investment
39	ROA	Return on Assets
40	ROE	Return on Equity
41	SCM	Supply Chain Management
42	SEO	Search Engine Optimization
43	SEM	Search Engine Marketing
44	SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
45	SWOT	Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
46	TQM	Total Quality Management
47	USP	Unique Selling Proposition
48	WIP	Work In Progress

2. Organizational Behavior
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABC	Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
2	ACR	Affective, Cognitive, and Reflective
3	ADR	Alternative Dispute Resolution
4	BARS	Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale
5	BDI	Behavioral Decision Theory
6	CBI	Cognitive Behavioral Intervention
7	CDT	Cognitive Dissonance Theory
8	CEI	Core Employee Involvement
9	CLT	Contingency Leadership Theory
10	CMT	Conflict Management Theory
11	CSQ	Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire
12	DTT	Discrete Trial Training
13	EFT	Emotional Freedom Technique
14	EIM	Employee Involvement Model
15	ELM	Elaboration Likelihood Model
16	EMT	Equity Motivation Theory
17	ETM	Expectancy Theory of Motivation
18	EVT	Expectancy Violation Theory
19	FCT	Functional Communication Training
20	FDS	Feedback Delivery System
21	GDT	Group Dynamics Theory
22	HCT	Human Capital Theory
23	HPT	High-Performance Team
24	IMT	Impression Management Theory
25	JCT	Job Characteristics Theory
26	KAT	Knowledge Acquisition Theory
27	LCT	Leadership Contingency Theory
28	LFT	Low Frustration Tolerance
29	MCT	Management Control Theory
30	MFT	Moral Foundations Theory
31	MMT	Multimodal Therapy
32	MRT	Motivated Reasoning Theory
33	NLP	Neuro-Linguistic Programming
34	OIT	Organizational Identity Theory
35	OMT	Organizational Maturity Theory
36	OPT	Optimal Performance Theory
37	PCT	Perceptual Control Theory
38	PIT	Performance Improvement Technique
39	PMT	Protection Motivation Theory
40	PST	Problem-Solving Therapy
41	QMT	Quality Management Theory
42	RAT	Rational Action Theory
43	RCT	Role Congruity Theory
44	RDT	Resource Dependence Theory
45	SAT	Self-Assessment Tool
46	SCT	Social Cognitive Theory
47	SET	Social Exchange Theory
48	SLT	Social Learning Theory
49	TST	Trait-State Theory
50	VRT	Value Reinforcement Theory

3. Human Resource and Talent Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AAP	Affirmative Action Plan
2	ATS	Applicant Tracking System
3	BEP	Behavioral Event Interviewing
4	BHR	Behavioral Human Resources
5	CJD	Career Job Development
6	CLM	Career Ladder Model
7	CMP	Conflict Management Process
8	CPC	Competency-Based Pay
9	CRT	Cultural Relativism Theory
10	CTA	Critical Task Analysis
11	DBM	Development-Based Mentoring
12	EAP	Employee Assistance Program
13	ECR	Employee Conduct Report
14	EIP	Employee Involvement Program
15	ELP	Employee Learning Plan
16	EMC	Employee Motivation Cycle
17	EPD	Employee Performance Development
18	EPP	Employee Progress Plan
19	ESM	Employee Satisfaction Model
20	ETP	Employee Training Program
21	FPA	Fair Performance Appraisal
22	GMP	Grievance Management Process
23	HBA	Human Behavior Analysis
24	HCP	High Competency Profile
25	HRA	Human Resource Audit
26	HRB	Human Resource Benchmarking
27	HRE	Human Resource Empowerment
28	HRI	Human Resource Innovation
29	HRL	Human Resource Lifecycle
30	HRS	Human Resource Strategy
31	IEP	Individual Employment Plan
32	IIP	Individual Improvement Plan
33	ILM	Internal Labor Market
34	IMC	Interpersonal Management Coaching
35	JEP	Job Enrichment Program
36	JMP	Job Management Process
37	KPT	Knowledge Processing Tool
38	LCP	Leadership Competency Profile
39	LDP	Leadership Development Program
40	LMP	Learning Management Process
41	MMP	Mentorship Management Plan
42	NAP	Needs Assessment Process
43	OBP	Organizational Behavior Profiling
44	OCP	Organizational Culture Plan
45	ODP	Organizational Development Plan
46	PDP	Personal Development Plan
47	PIP	Performance Improvement Plan
48	RMP	Retention Management Plan
49	SMP	Succession Management Process
50	TDP	Talent Development Plan

4. Principles of Accounting
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AJE	Adjusting Journal Entry
2	APB	Accounting Principles Board
3	ARF	Allowance for Receivables
4	BDA	Bad Debt Allowance
5	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
6	CFS	Cash Flow Statement
7	CJE	Closing Journal Entry
8	CMR	Contribution Margin Ratio
9	COGS	Cost of Goods Sold
10	CPA	Certified Public Accountant
11	CRR	Cash Reserve Ratio
12	CTA	Cumulative Translation Adjustment
13	DDB	Double Declining Balance
14	DIP	Deferred Income Plan
15	DRS	Depreciation Recovery System
16	EIR	Effective Interest Rate
17	EOQ	Economic Order Quantity
18	EPS	Earnings Per Share
19	FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
20	FIFO	First In, First Out
21	FOB	Free On Board
22	GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
23	GLC	General Ledger Code
24	GPM	Gross Profit Margin
25	IASB	International Accounting Standards Board
26	ICR	Interest Coverage Ratio
27	IFRS	International Financial Reporting Standards
28	IMR	Inventory Management Ratio
29	IPR	Inventory Processing Report
30	ISF	Income Summary Form
31	JIT	Just In Time
32	LIFO	Last In, First Out
33	MRA	Monthly Reconciliation Account
34	NCF	Net Cash Flow
35	NPA	Non-Performing Asset
36	NRV	Net Realizable Value
37	OCA	Other Current Assets
38	OCI	Other Comprehensive Income
39	OPA	Outstanding Payment Account
40	P&L	Profit and Loss
41	PBA	Prepaid Benefit Account
42	PCR	Provision Coverage Ratio
43	PP&E	Property, Plant, and Equipment
44	PRR	Payroll Reconciliation Report
45	QAR	Quick Asset Ratio
46	RJE	Reversing Journal Entry
47	ROA	Return on Assets
48	SBR	Statutory Benefit Report
49	TIE	Times Interest Earned
50	WCR	Working Capital Ratio

5. Financial Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AJE	Adjusting Journal Entry
2	APB	Accounting Principles Board
3	ARF	Allowance for Receivables
4	BDA	Bad Debt Allowance
5	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
6	CFS	Cash Flow Statement
7	CJE	Closing Journal Entry
8	CMR	Contribution Margin Ratio
9	COGS	Cost of Goods Sold
10	CPA	Certified Public Accountant
11	CRR	Cash Reserve Ratio
12	CTA	Cumulative Translation Adjustment
13	DDB	Double Declining Balance
14	DIP	Deferred Income Plan
15	DRS	Depreciation Recovery System
16	EIR	Effective Interest Rate
17	EOQ	Economic Order Quantity
18	EPS	Earnings Per Share
19	FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
20	FIFO	First In, First Out
21	FOB	Free On Board
22	GAAP	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
23	GLC	General Ledger Code
24	GPM	Gross Profit Margin
25	IASB	International Accounting Standards Board
26	ICR	Interest Coverage Ratio
27	IFRS	International Financial Reporting Standards
28	IMR	Inventory Management Ratio
29	IPR	Inventory Processing Report
30	ISF	Income Summary Form
31	JIT	Just In Time
32	LIFO	Last In, First Out
33	MRA	Monthly Reconciliation Account
34	NCF	Net Cash Flow
35	NPA	Non-Performing Asset
36	NRV	Net Realizable Value
37	OCA	Other Current Assets
38	OCI	Other Comprehensive Income
39	OPA	Outstanding Payment Account
40	P&L	Profit and Loss
41	PBV	Price to Book Value
42	PFR	Profitability Forecast Report
43	PVF	Present Value Factor
44	RAP	Risk Adjustment Premium
45	SFM	Strategic Financial Management
46	WACC	Weighted Average Cost of Capital

6. Strategic Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABC	Activity-Based Costing
2	AHP	Analytic Hierarchy Process
3	BCG	Boston Consulting Group
4	BPR	Business Process Reengineering
5	BSM	Balanced Scorecard Model
6	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
7	CCM	Core Competency Model
8	CPM	Critical Path Method
9	CRM	Change Readiness Model
10	CSF	Critical Success Factor
11	DFA	Dynamic Factor Analysis
12	DMA	Decision-Making Analysis
13	DPM	Diversified Portfolio Model
14	EFA	Environmental Force Analysis
15	EPM	Enterprise Performance Management
16	ETR	Environmental Threat Response
17	FRA	Financial Resource Allocation
18	FSA	Functional Strategy Analysis
19	GAP	Goal Alignment Process
20	GCC	Global Competitive Capability
21	GEA	Growth-Expansion Analysis
22	GMA	Global Market Analysis
23	IEM	Innovation and Execution Model
24	IMC	Integrated Marketing Communication
25	IPM	Innovation Portfolio Management
26	IRM	Integrated Risk Management
27	ISP	Integrated Strategy Plan
28	JSA	Joint Strategy Assessment
29	KRM	Key Resource Management
30	KTM	Knowledge Transfer Model
31	LCA	Life Cycle Analysis
32	LFA	Learning Framework Analysis
33	MAP	Market Analysis Process
34	MBO	Management by Objectives
35	MFA	Market Feasibility Analysis
36	MFR	Management Framework Review
37	NCA	Net Competitive Advantage
38	NPM	New Product Management
39	OCA	Organizational Capability Analysis
40	OEF	Organizational Effectiveness Framework
41	OMC	Operational Management Cycle
42	OPM	Objective Performance Measurement
43	PCA	Portfolio Comparison Analysis
44	PEA	Performance Evaluation Analysis
45	PPA	Project Portfolio Analysis
46	QCA	Quality Control Analysis
47	RPA	Resource Planning Analysis
48	SMA	Strategic Management Analysis
49	SMP	Strategic Management Process
50	VCA	Value Chain Analysis

7. Marketing Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AIDAS	Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, Satisfaction
2	AMB	Ambush Marketing
3	ATL	Above The Line
4	BEM	Brand Equity Model
5	BGC	Brand Growth Curve
6	BLM	Brand Loyalty Model
7	BRM	Brand Recognition Model
8	BTL	Below The Line
9	CEM	Customer Experience Management
10	CLP	Customer Loyalty Program
11	CMR	Campaign Management Report
12	CPG	Consumer Packaged Goods
13	CPI	Cost Per Impression
14	CRP	Customer Retention Plan
15	CSA	Customer Satisfaction Analysis
16	CTM	Consumer Targeting Model
17	CVP	Customer Value Proposition
18	DMP	Digital Marketing Plan
19	DPS	Direct Product Sales
20	EIM	Emotional Influence Model
21	ESP	Emotional Selling Proposition
22	FMCG	Fast Moving Consumer Goods
23	GTM	Go-To-Market
24	IAM	Influencer Advertising Model
25	IBP	Integrated Brand Promotion
26	ICP	Ideal Customer Profile
27	IDM	Interactive Digital Marketing
28	IPR	Influencer Performance Report
29	KAM	Key Account Management
30	KDM	Key Decision Maker
31	LTV	Lifetime Value
32	MAB	Marketing Automation Budget
33	MAM	Marketing Audit Model
34	MAP	Marketing Analysis Process
35	MAR	Market Analysis Report
36	MDS	Market Development Strategy
37	MMS	Marketing Mix Strategy
38	MTM	Media Tracking Model
39	NPS	Net Promoter Score
40	OCP	Omni-channel Promotion
41	OMM	Online Marketing Model
42	PES	Paid, Earned, Shared Media
43	PIM	Product Information Management
44	PLM	Product Lifecycle Management
45	PMO	Promotional Marketing Offer
46	RFM	Recency, Frequency, Monetary
47	RMP	Referral Marketing Program
48	RPR	Retail Performance Report
49	SMM	Social Media Marketing
50	USP	Unique Selling Proposition

8. Statistics for Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABC	Activity-Based Costing
2	ACV	Average Customer Value
3	ADF	Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test
4	AHP	Analytic Hierarchy Process
5	ANOVA	Analysis of Variance
6	ARIMA	Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average
7	AVP	Average Value Proposition
8	BCA	Benefit-Cost Analysis
9	BFS	Bayesian Forecasting System
10	BIS	Bias-Influence-Skewness
11	CCV	Correlation Coefficient Value
12	CDF	Cumulative Distribution Function
13	CLM	Classical Linear Model
14	CMF	Cumulative Mean Function
15	CPM	Critical Path Method
16	CRD	Completely Randomized Design
17	CVA	Categorical Variable Analysis
18	DFA	Discriminant Function Analysis
19	DFT	Discrete Fourier Transform
20	DOE	Design of Experiments
21	DSS	Decision Support System
22	ECM	Error Correction Model
23	EFA	Exploratory Factor Analysis
24	EMM	Exponential Moving Model
25	FEM	Fixed Effects Model
26	FMA	Forecasting Model Analysis
27	FPR	False Positive Rate
28	GAM	Generalized Additive Model
29	GCM	Growth Curve Model
30	GMM	Generalized Method of Moments
31	HAC	Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent
32	HCA	Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
33	HGLM	Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model
34	HMM	Hidden Markov Model
35	ICM	Independent Component Model
36	IRM	Inferential Regression Model
37	KDE	Kernel Density Estimation
38	KNN	K-Nearest Neighbors
39	LDA	Linear Discriminant Analysis
40	LSE	Least Squares Estimation
41	MANOVA	Multivariate Analysis of Variance
42	MDA	Multiple Discriminant Analysis
43	MLE	Maximum Likelihood Estimation
44	MRT	Multivariate Regression Test
45	NCA	Nonlinear Correlation Analysis
46	NLS	Nonlinear Least Squares
47	OLS	Ordinary Least Squares
48	PCA	Principal Component Analysis
49	PLS	Partial Least Squares
50	QDA	Quadratic Discriminant Analysis

9. International Business
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AEO	Authorized Economic Operator
2	AFM	Advanced Foreign Market
3	AGM	Annual General Meeting
4	APEC	Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
5	ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
6	BOP	Balance of Payments
7	BRICS	Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
8	CAGR	Compound Annual Growth Rate
9	CBP	Cross-Border Partnership
10	CEPA	Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
11	CETA	Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
12	CFA	Chartered Financial Analyst
13	CIF	Cost, Insurance, and Freight
14	CPT	Carriage Paid To
15	DDA	Doha Development Agenda
16	DIF	Duty Insurance and Freight
17	DIT	Department of International Trade
18	ECA	Export Credit Agency
19	ECGC	Export Credit Guarantee Corporation
20	EDI	Electronic Data Interchange
21	EFTA	European Free Trade Association
22	EIA	Economic Integration Agreement
23	EPA	Economic Partnership Agreement
24	EXIM	Export-Import
25	FCA	Free Carrier Agreement
26	FDI	Foreign Direct Investment
27	FOB	Free on Board
28	FTA	Free Trade Agreement
29	FXM	Foreign Exchange Market
30	GATT	General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
31	GDP	Gross Domestic Product
32	GSP	Generalized System of Preferences
33	HTS	Harmonized Tariff Schedule
34	IATA	International Air Transport Association
35	ICC	International Chamber of Commerce
36	ICD	Inland Container Depot
37	ICJ	International Court of Justice
38	IMF	International Monetary Fund
39	INCOTERMS	International Commercial Terms
40	IOA	International Operations Agreement
41	IPR	Intellectual Property Rights
42	ISFTA	India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement
43	ITC	International Trade Centre
44	JIT	Just in Time
45	LDC	Least Developed Country
46	MFN	Most Favored Nation
47	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
48	OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
49	RCEP	Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
50	WTO	World Trade Organization

10. Entrepreneurship Development
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AEP	Advanced Entrepreneurship Program
2	BIC	Business Incubation Center
3	BMC	Business Model Canvas
4	BOP	Bottom of the Pyramid
5	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
6	CBI	Community-Based Innovation
7	CEP	Creative Entrepreneurship Program
8	CIP	Continuous Improvement Process
9	CVC	Corporate Venture Capital
10	DPP	Dynamic Pricing Policy
11	EBP	Entrepreneurial Business Plan
12	ECA	Entrepreneurial Competency Assessment
13	EFC	Entrepreneurial Funding Cycle
14	EGM	Entrepreneurial Growth Model
15	EIM	Entrepreneurial Innovation Model
16	EIP	Entrepreneurial Incubation Program
17	EMI	Entrepreneurial Mindset Initiative
18	EMP	Entrepreneurial Management Process
19	ENT	Entrepreneurship Networking Team
20	EPC	Entrepreneurial Planning Cycle
21	EPS	Entrepreneurial Positioning Strategy
22	EQR	Entrepreneurial Quality Report
23	ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
24	ETP	Entrepreneurship Training Program
25	FCS	Feasibility and Commercialization Study
26	FDP	Faculty Development Program
27	FIM	Financial Innovation Model
28	FPI	First Product Innovation
29	GEP	Global Entrepreneurship Program
30	GVC	Global Venture Capital
31	HBP	High Business Potential
32	IBD	Innovation-Based Development
33	IDP	Idea Development Process
34	IEP	Inclusive Entrepreneurship Program
35	IIP	Innovation Incubation Program
36	IMV	Innovative Market Venture
37	IPM	Intellectual Property Management
38	KVP	Key Value Proposition
39	LIP	Lean Innovation Process
40	MBC	Market-Based Capitalization
41	MCT	Minimum Capital Threshold
42	MIP	Market Innovation Process
43	NAC	New Age Competencies
44	NBV	Net Business Value
45	NVC	New Venture Creation
46	OBP	Opportunity-Based Planning
47	OEP	Open Entrepreneurship Program
48	RIP	Risk Identification Process
49	SBP	Startup Business Plan
50	VIP	Venture Investment Plan

11. Operations/Supply Chain Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABC	Activity-Based Costing
2	APO	Advanced Planning and Optimization
3	ASN	Advanced Shipping Notice
4	BOM	Bill of Materials
5	CBL	Capacity-Based Logistics
6	CIM	Computer Integrated Manufacturing
7	CPG	Consumer Packaged Goods
8	CPM	Critical Path Method
9	CRP	Continuous Replenishment Program
10	CSL	Customer Service Level
11	DCL	Distribution Center Logistics
12	DIF	Delivery in Full
13	DMR	Demand Management Report
14	DPI	Defects Per Item
15	DRP	Distribution Requirements Planning
16	EAM	Enterprise Asset Management
17	ECR	Efficient Consumer Response
18	EIQ	Enterprise Inventory Quality
19	ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
20	ETA	Estimated Time of Arrival
21	ETD	Estimated Time of Departure
22	FAS	Free Alongside Ship
23	FCL	Full Container Load
24	FIFO	First In, First Out
25	GIT	Goods in Transit
26	GRN	Goods Receipt Note
27	IOQ	Inventory Order Quantity
28	JIT	Just in Time
29	KANBAN	Kanban Scheduling System
30	KPI	Key Performance Indicator
31	LCL	Less than Container Load
32	LIFO	Last In, First Out
33	LLP	Lead Logistics Provider
34	LTB	Last Time Buy
35	MPS	Master Production Schedule
36	MRP	Material Requirements Planning
37	OEE	Overall Equipment Effectiveness
38	OMT	Operations Management Technique
39	OTD	On-Time Delivery
40	P2P	Procure to Pay
41	PDQ	Production Data Quality
42	PLM	Product Lifecycle Management
43	POC	Proof of Concept
44	PPAP	Production Part Approval Process
45	PRQ	Purchase Requisition
46	QCD	Quality, Cost, and Delivery
47	RDC	Regional Distribution Center
48	RFQ	Request for Quotation
49	SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
50	VMI	Vendor Managed Inventory

12. Project Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ACWP	Actual Cost of Work Performed
2	BAC	Budget at Completion
3	BCWP	Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
4	BCWS	Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled
5	CBR	Cost Breakdown Report
6	CCB	Change Control Board
7	CDR	Critical Design Review
8	CPI	Cost Performance Index
9	CPM	Critical Path Method
10	CRR	Change Request Report
11	CV	Cost Variance
12	DCR	Design Change Request
13	DID	Design Input Document
14	DMR	Deliverable Management Report
15	EAC	Estimate at Completion
16	EAP	Enterprise Architecture Planning
17	EBR	Executive Business Review
18	EV	Earned Value
19	EVM	Earned Value Management
20	FIA	Feasibility Impact Analysis
21	FRD	Functional Requirements Document
22	FTR	Formal Technical Review
23	GMP	Guaranteed Maximum Price
24	IFR	Initial Feasibility Report
25	IRR	Internal Rate of Return
26	ISR	Issue Status Report
27	JAD	Joint Application Development
28	KPI	Key Performance Indicator
29	LCR	Lifecycle Cost Report
30	LFA	Logical Framework Approach
31	MBO	Management by Objectives
32	MDR	Milestone Deliverable Report
33	MOA	Memorandum of Agreement
34	MRR	Monthly Review Report
35	NDA	Non-Disclosure Agreement
36	OBA	Outcome-Based Assessment
37	PDR	Preliminary Design Review
38	PEP	Project Execution Plan
39	PIR	Post-Implementation Review
40	PMBOK	Project Management Body of Knowledge
41	PMIS	Project Management Information System
42	PMO	Project Management Office
43	PMP	Project Management Professional
44	PPM	Project Portfolio Management
45	QMP	Quality Management Plan
46	RACI	Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed
47	RAM	Responsibility Assignment Matrix
48	RBS	Risk Breakdown Structure
49	SCR	Scope Change Request
50	SOW	Statement of Work

13. Management Research, Analytics and IT
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ABC	Activity-Based Costing
2	AI	Artificial Intelligence
3	API	Application Programming Interface
4	BDA	Big Data Analytics
5	BI	Business Intelligence
6	BPM	Business Process Management
7	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
8	CBR	Case-Based Reasoning
9	CDM	Collaborative Decision Making
10	CIM	Computer Integrated Manufacturing
11	CMS	Content Management System
12	CRM	Customer Relationship Management
13	DAG	Directed Acyclic Graph
14	DMS	Data Management System
15	DSS	Decision Support System
16	EDA	Exploratory Data Analysis
17	EIS	Executive Information System
18	ELT	Extract, Load, Transform
19	ERM	Enterprise Risk Management
20	ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
21	ETL	Extract, Transform, Load
22	FDM	Functional Dependency Model
23	GTM	Go-To-Market
24	HCM	Human Capital Management
25	ICT	Information and Communication Technology
26	IIS	Internet Information Services
27	IPM	Information Process Model
28	IRM	Information Risk Management
29	IS	Information System
30	ITSM	IT Service Management
31	KMS	Knowledge Management System
32	LMS	Learning Management System
33	MDA	Model-Driven Architecture
34	MIS	Management Information System
35	ML	Machine Learning
36	MRO	Maintenance, Repair, and Operations
37	NLP	Natural Language Processing
38	OLAP	Online Analytical Processing
39	OLTP	Online Transaction Processing
40	PDM	Product Data Management
41	PMS	Performance Management System
42	QDA	Qualitative Data Analysis
43	QMS	Quality Management System
44	RDBMS	Relational Database Management System
45	RFID	Radio Frequency Identification
46	ROA	Return on Analytics
47	RPA	Robotic Process Automation
48	SAS	Statistical Analysis System
49	SCM	Supply Chain Management
50	SQL	Structured Query Language

14. Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ACM	Accountability and Compliance Model
2	BHR	Business Human Rights
3	CACP	Corporate Anti-Corruption Policy
4	CAFE	Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency
5	CBI	Corporate Behavioral Integrity
6	CCE	Corporate Citizenship Ethics
7	CCP	Corporate Compliance Program
8	CDP	Carbon Disclosure Project
9	CEI	Corporate Environmental Impact
10	CEP	Corporate Ethics Policy
11	CER	Corporate Environmental Responsibility
12	CFP	Corporate Philanthropy Framework
13	CIP	Corporate Integrity Policy
14	CLP	Corporate Legal Policy
15	CMP	Corporate Moral Policy
16	COC	Code of Conduct
17	COR	Corporate Operational Responsibility
18	CPE	Corporate Public Engagement
19	CRP	Corporate Responsibility Program
20	CSR	Corporate Social Responsibility
21	CSRP	Corporate Sustainability Reporting Program
22	DIE	Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity
23	EAI	Ethical Accountability Initiative
24	EBM	Ethical Business Model
25	ECM	Ethical Compliance Model
26	ECP	Ethical Corporate Practice
27	EIA	Environmental Impact Assessment
28	EMT	Ethical Management Training
29	EPA	Environmental Protection Act
30	ERP	Ethical Responsibility Policy
31	ESG	Environmental, Social, and Governance
32	EWC	Ethical Workplace Conduct
33	FRC	Fair Recruitment Code
34	GCG	Good Corporate Governance
35	GEI	Gender Equality Initiative
36	GPA	Global Peace Agreement
37	GRC	Governance, Risk, and Compliance
38	HSE	Health, Safety, and Environment
39	IAP	Integrity Assurance Program
40	IEP	Inclusive Employment Policy
41	LCO	Legal Compliance Obligation
42	LEED	Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
43	MCE	Moral Conduct Evaluation
44	NGR	Non-Governmental Responsibility
45	OCP	Organizational Compliance Program
46	PPI	Positive Public Impact
47	RBA	Responsible Business Alliance
48	RMI	Responsible Mining Initiative
49	SHE	Safety, Health, and Environment
50	SRP	Social Responsibility Policy

15. Leadership and Change Management
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	ADKAR	Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement
2	BPM	Business Process Management
3	CCT	Change Communication Team
4	CEM	Change Execution Model
5	CIM	Change Implementation Model
6	CIP	Continuous Improvement Process
7	CLT	Collaborative Leadership Team
8	CMA	Change Management Approach
9	CMP	Change Management Plan
10	CMR	Change Management Report
11	COA	Change Opportunity Analysis
12	COR	Change Outcome Report
13	CSL	Change Support Leader
14	DCA	Dynamic Change Assessment
15	DDI	Development Dimensions International
16	EAD	Employee Adaptation Development
17	EBA	Evidence-Based Approach
18	EBL	Evidence-Based Leadership
19	ECR	Employee Change Readiness
20	ELM	Empowered Leadership Model
21	EPM	Executive Performance Management
22	FRC	Flexible Response Cycle
23	GCM	Goal-Centered Management
24	GEL	Growth-Enhancing Leadership
25	HBL	Human-Based Leadership
26	ICL	Inclusive Change Leadership
27	ILM	Inspirational Leadership Model
28	IMR	Impact Management Report
29	IRM	Innovation and Risk Management
30	KCI	Key Change Indicator
31	KLC	Knowledge Leadership Cycle
32	LBA	Leadership Behavior Analysis
33	LCP	Leadership Competency Profile
34	LDI	Leadership Development Initiative
35	LFA	Leadership Framework Assessment
36	LMM	Leadership Maturity Model
37	LMP	Leadership Management Process
38	LPI	Leadership Practice Inventory
39	MCL	Motivational Change Leadership
40	MCP	Milestone Change Plan
41	NLC	Next-Level Change
42	OCA	Organizational Change Assessment
43	OCP	Organizational Change Plan
44	PCA	Proactive Change Analysis
45	PCL	People-Centered Leadership
46	QCL	Quality Change Leadership
47	RCL	Resilient Change Leadership
48	SCL	Strategic Change Leadership
49	TLM	Transformational Leadership Model
50	VCL	Visionary Change Leadership

16. Managerial Economics
No.	Abbreviations	Meaning
1	AFC	Average Fixed Cost
2	APC	Average Propensity to Consume
3	APS	Average Propensity to Save
4	AR	Average Revenue
5	AVC	Average Variable Cost
6	BEP	Break-Even Point
7	BOC	Benefit Opportunity Cost
8	CBA	Cost-Benefit Analysis
9	CMA	Cost Management Analysis
10	CMR	Contribution Margin Ratio
11	CPI	Consumer Price Index
12	CRS	Constant Returns to Scale
13	DCM	Demand Curve Model
14	DER	Debt to Equity Ratio
15	DMC	Direct Marginal Cost
16	DPI	Disposable Personal Income
17	DSA	Demand and Supply Analysis
18	DTR	Dynamic Tariff Regulation
19	EBM	Economic Behavior Model
20	ECR	Economic Cost Report
21	EIS	Economic Impact Study
22	EMC	Elasticity of Marginal Cost
23	EMR	Economic Management Report
24	EPC	Economic Profit Calculation
25	ERP	Economic Resource Planning
26	FCF	Free Cash Flow
27	FCM	Fixed Cost Model
28	GNP	Gross National Product
29	GVA	Gross Value Added
30	IAC	Incremental Average Cost
31	ICR	Input Cost Ratio
32	IMC	Incremental Marginal Cost
33	IPC	Investment Profitability Calculation
34	IRR	Internal Rate of Return
35	ISD	Income and Savings Data
36	LAC	Long-run Average Cost
37	LMC	Long-run Marginal Cost
38	LTC	Long-run Total Cost
39	MFC	Marginal Fixed Cost
40	MPC	Marginal Propensity to Consume
41	MPS	Marginal Propensity to Save
42	MR	Marginal Revenue
43	MRTS	Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution
44	NIA	National Income Accounting
45	NPV	Net Present Value
46	OCC	Opportunity Cost Calculation
47	OPE	Output Price Elasticity
48	PIB	Production Index Benchmark
49	RTP	Resource Trade Policy
50	TR	Total Revenue

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